Время науки - The Times of Science

Время науки The Times of science 2021 49 possibilities and pay are available. According to government statistics, women earn 20%–25% less than men in the same occupation in Afghanistan (Ministry of Economy in the Afghanistan Republic 02.15.19). Women are more likely to work in offices or the service sector than males are, rather than in transportation or manufacturing. Regardless of the industry in which you work, women are always ranked lower and earn less than men. Almost always, women get paid less than males for performing the same work. Men and women who work in many areas of the economy have unique issues juggling work and family obligations. Unemployment has a distinct effect on men and women depending on their stage of life. We must bear in mind that Afghanistan is a low-income country that relies heavily on mining and agriculture, as well as remittances from individuals who work abroad. Afghanistan has achieved significant progress since gaining independence in 1991. Afghanistan monetary conditions are improving, but the country’s openness to trade and reliance on its neighbours (especially Russia) keep it sensitive to external changes [21]. Afghanistan’s recent development has been aimed at poverty reduction while also diversifying the economy. Disparity in the distribution of great education has exacerbated the Afghanistan Republic’s economic inequality. To fulfil the needs of the modern economy, education and training must be improved in terms of quality and relevance, as well as equal opportunities for men and women in education and training. Gender equality demands increasing women’s political participation. Women worked 47.4 percent of the time in 2018, compared to 65.77 percent of men, according to a breakdown of the economically active population and those employed and jobless in 2018. As a result, women have a 14.3 percent unemployment rate, which is 3.1 percent greater than men’s. Women’s unemployment increased by 4.5 percentage points in 2017, while male unemployment increased by 5 percentage points. Women’s access to education has an effect on the country’s gender status [22]. The Afghanistan Republic’s educational system has made significant strides. Numerous colleges and universities enrol a sizable number of female students. Despite the fact that women’s completion of higher education is not as high as men’s, it is still higher than men’s. A college degree does not guarantee that a woman would be able to find work, earn money, advance in her career, or rise in society in Afghanistan. Several of the most significant programmes aiming at achieving gender equity in education include the following: For the years 2012–2020, the Afghanistan Republic has developed an education and export development strategy (Fig 4).