Исследовательский потенациал молодых ученых: взгляд в будущее - 2017

«Исследовательский потенциал молодых ученых: взгляд в будущее» 237 2017 present in most processed foods. Children and adolescents increasingly go for prepared meals, instant meals and snacks that contain enormous amounts of salt. Deficiencies in the nutrition of this population are also connected to the irregular consumption of food. This mainly concerns people attending to school. About 10‐20 % of students declare that they do not eat the first breakfast before going to school. Some do not even take a second breakfast with them. Situation with school lunches is also not good, in primary schools only over 9 % of students use full lunches and a little more than 5% in junior high schools. Many children do not eat anything during their time in school. Others use products offered in school outlets that are not rich in nutrients. When they return from school, they also do not consume regular meals. Some people do not supper, mostly young girls give up on it. In addi‐ tion, full‐fledged meals are regularly replaced with sweets and unhealthy snacks. Meals are often very monotonous. They usually include similar or the same dishes, which are not always well chosen. Another problem is the amount of drinking water. Regardless of age, the body should provide at least 1.5 liters of water a day. The statistics shows that most people do not follow this recommendation. On the one hand, nutritional mistakes made by children and adoles‐ cents presents a risk of nutritional deficiencies and, on the other, may pro‐ mote overweight and obesity, and later development of other chronic dis‐ eases such as diabetes and other metabolic diseases, osteoporosis, cardio‐ vascular disease or cancer. Therefore, in this population, there is a need to change the dietary habits of first and foremost increasing the amount of fruit and vegetables, whole grain cereals, milk and its products and fishes, while reducing fat, es‐ pecially animal fat, sugar and sweets, salt and salty snacks. Also attention must be paid to fluids, increase the amount of drinking water, and limit the drinking of sweet carbonated drinks. It is also important to improve the regularity of meals and their variability.