ДОКУМЕНТ КАК ТЕКСТ КУЛЬТУРЫ. ВЫП. 18

50 The structure of the article is organized as follows: Section 2 defines the concept and main functions of the document text; Section 3 examines the linguistic specificity of the official and business style; Section 4 analyzes morphological features typical of document texts; Section 5 considers syntactic and compositional characteristics; Section 6 discusses the role of standardization and clichés in business commu- nication; and finally, Section 7 presents general conclusions about the linguistic nature of the official document as a reflection of cultural and communicative norms. 2. Concept and Functions of the Document Text A document text is a structured verbal construct that records socially significant information, regulates interaction, and has legal validity. In document linguistics, it is viewed not only as a written artifact but as a communicative act within an institu- tional context. According to G. V. Tokarev, a document is “a communicatively ori- ented text created to ensure interaction between the author and the addressee in a socially significant situation” (Tokarev, 2010, p. 15). The communicative-pragmatic goal of the document is to convey verified and unambiguous information of legal or administrative importance. It functions as an institutional instrument that both reflects and organizes professional activity. The main functions of a document are informational, juridical, regulatory, and certifying. It records facts and decisions, ensures the accuracy of interpretation, es- tablishes rights and obligations, and confirms authenticity through formal markers such as signatures and dates. The relationship between author and addressee defines the pragmatic organiza- tion of the text. The author holds institutional authority, while the addressee acts within the limits of official competence. Thus, the document text represents a distinct type of institutional discourse that combines linguistic form and legal content, serving as a means of communication, verification, and regulation in professional practice. 3. Linguistic Specificity of the Official and Business Style The official and business style is defined by its social function – the transmis- sion of precise, objective, and legally valid information. Its main feature is a high level of standardization, which guarantees uniformity and clarity of expression. As Tokarev (2010) notes, standardization serves as a key mechanism of linguistic reg- ulation, ensuring unambiguous communication within institutional discourse. Accuracy and logic are essential. Each term is used in one fixed meaning, and cohesion is achieved through clear connectors such as in accordance with or on the basis of. The vocabulary consists mainly of neutral words, professional terms, and standard clichés like it is hereby decided or the following measures shall be taken. Emotional or figurative language is excluded to preserve objectivity and authority. Synonymy is limited and controlled by convention: for example, agreement and contract are used according to established norms. Abbreviations such as MFA of Russia or FTS of Russia provide conciseness and follow official lists (Tokarev, 2010). Thus, the linguistic system of official style is characterized by precision, neu- trality, and restraint. Through standardized vocabulary and fixed syntactic patterns, the document achieves clarity, consistency, and legal reliability.